In-situ assessment of photovoltaic soiling mitigation techniques in northern Nigeria

• Hydrophobic coating provided 99% transmittance recovery during the wet season. Low iron glass is more durable than acrylic plastic in harsh conditions. SiO 2 -TiO demonstrated better effectiveness other techniques. Mitigation method’s efficiency was determined through optical change. The photovoltaic (PV) system's performance suffers from intensifying external factors such as soiling, particularly arid and semi-arid regions with massive solar energy potential. techniques are one of crucial to prevent restore PV performance. Therefore, this study, five cost-effective mitigation natural cleaning, manual cleaning squeegee/water, a brush, self-cleaning hydrophobic coating, mechanised wiper using low coupons were executed farm based Nigeria. finding shows that technique provides high preventive restorative season (August) ~ for glass. Both cleanings squeegee/water efficiency, first being greatest 96% latter 95% dry (January) on coupon. Furthermore, results show when exposed condition. Our study envisages implemented soiling technique's comparative cost analysis full pledge panel over longer duration different regions, considering influencing system